All hydrogen reactions involve some degree of tunneling, depending on the temperature,

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More and more factors indicate that quantum effects have an impact on biological systems. And maybe the tricks that plants and animals use to help us in the development of quantum computers. By Robin Engelhardt 2 , 2011 at. 13:00
So wrote Niels Bohr in a lecture from 1932 called 'Light and Life' and made himself thus to the unofficial father of 'kvantebiologien', a new and still young branch of research that claims to have found examples of biological systems hudson valley lighting in which quantum mechanics plays a crucial role in their function.
Actually, it should hudson valley lighting be impossible. Tunnel Effects, entanglement, superposition and all the other ghostly phenomena known from quantum mechanics grasslands, can only take place at the atomic level, ie in the region of one million hudson valley lighting times smaller than the size of a cell, and even in vacuum and at a few degrees Kelvin.
In the complex, heating and chaotic life of a cell, a coherent quantum state, which is characterized hudson valley lighting in that the wave patterns of the involved elementary synchronized never survive. Wave package would layman's terms collapse as soon as it was formed, and one would always know with Erwin Schrödinger's hudson valley lighting words about a pig in a poke is dead or alive.
Bohr's ideas of quantum effects in biology has more than 70 years has been allocated to the annals of crazy ideas of great physicists. But according to an article in the last issue of the magazine Nature is the kind of thinking not so far-fetched after all. Philip Ball writes in a review article on the case that the key to useful quantum computers and more efficient solar cells may well be stored in plant light-sensitive precision engineering and in birds' ability to see and navigate by the Earth's magnetic field. Photosynthetic antennas
Take photosynthesis - the process hudson valley lighting by which plants and bacteria make sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and organic matter. Photosynthesis hudson valley lighting was invented by the planet's earliest microorganisms for $ 3.5 billion years ago and is the foundation of the earth, ocean and atmospheric current composition and thus a prerequisite for virtually all complex life.
Biochemists have to this day not fully understood how the chlorophyll in the leaves of the plants are able to absorb and direct photons, ie. light particles hudson valley lighting from the sun, in the direction of the plant's chemical reaction center, where light is converted into chemical energy and routed to storage.
In 2006 Graham R. Flemming and colleagues from the University of California, Berkeley, for example, discovered that when photons hit chlorophyll in a green sulfur bacterium called Chlorobium tepidium at 77K, they get excited and make small waves (called exit tones), like when pebbles falls into the water.
Instead of uncontrolled out all over the place, there are some chlorosomes, which according to Flemming act as large antennas and gathers exitonerne in a coherent quantum state in which the many small wave energies together and sent as one big wave on the system. This allows the bacteria harvest photons over large areas, the best path through the system and optimize energy efficiency.
The discovery has since been confirmed by several research teams also at warmer temperatures, and it shows that blue-green algae and bacteria can pack the sun's rays in tangled (entangled) quantum states and sending them through hudson valley lighting the system by several routes simultaneously. It turns out, moreover, that what was previously thought would lead to a collapse of quantum coherence, namely the huge noise in the environment, actually fosters.
The physicist Seth Lloyd of MIT in Cambridge, U.S., could in a computer simulation show that the random noise in the environment can increase the efficiency of energy transport in photosynthesis 70-99 percent. This is done by a mechanism that is a bit like radio signals, where, by means of modulation of radio waves can reduce the natural hudson valley lighting noise in the signal. Tunnel Effects
According to Philip Ball one can also find other biological systems, where the quantum effects play a role. For example, consider the chemist Judith Klinman from the University of California, Berkeley, the enzymes catalyze the chemical reactions due to their ability hudson valley lighting to utilize quantum effects in hydrogen ion transfer - in this case, tunneling, which is a side effect of hydrogenatomers particle-wave duality and means that the atoms can go through walls and barriers instead of using energy to climb over them. But not everyone is convinced.
All hydrogen reactions involve some degree of tunneling, depending on the temperature," says Richard Finch from Colorado State University in Ford Collins. In other words, no kvanteeffekterne, the enzymes hudson valley lighting E